Magnetic characteristics of permanent magnetic materials
Magnetism is the basic property of matter as well as force, heat, electricity and light. Materials with ferromagnetism are usually called magnetic materials. The biggest characteristic of magnetic materials is the hysteresis behavior, that is, the magnetization M changes with the external magnetic field. When H returns from a certain state to zero, M still maintains a certain size. Only when the magnetic field is applied in the opposite direction M drops to zero, so that the reciprocal change of M with H is a loop instead of a single curve. Figure 1-1 shows a schematic diagram of a typical hysteresis loop. The main parameters describing the characteristics of the hysteresis loop are: (1) Residual magnetic induction Br, (or residual magnetic polarization Jr=AMr) (remanent magnetism for short) is the magnetic flux density when the magnetic field H=0 in the magnet; (2) The coercive force HcB (or intrinsic coercive force HcJ) is the reverse magnetic field H necessary for the magnetic...